E.S. [Enuga Sreenivasulu] Reddy, a national of India, has been an active supporter of the South African freedom movement for more than half a century. As head of the United Nations Centre against Apartheid for over two decades, he played a key role in promoting international sanctions against South Africa and assistance to the liberation movement, as well as in organising the world campaign to free Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners.
After his retirement from the UN in 1985, he was a senior fellow of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (1985-1993) and a member of the Council of Trustees of the International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa (1986-1992). He has written extensively on the history of the South African liberation movement and its leaders, United Nations action against apartheid, anti-apartheid movements and campaigns, and relations between India and South Africa.
His papers - donated to the Yale University Library in the United States, the Nehru Memorial Museum in New Delhi, and the Universities of Witwatersrand and Durban-Westville in South Africa, and several other institutions - are a valuable resource for a study of the struggle for liberation in South Africa and its international repercussions.
Mr. Reddy has acted as a consultant to the ANC Department of Information in developing the sites on Historical Documents and United Nations action, and provided numerous documents from his collection.
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Mr. Reddy, born in India in 1924, became interested in the struggles of the Indian and African congresses in South Africa while a student at the University of Madras. Arriving in New York for further studies in 1946 - the year of the African miners' strike and the Indian passive resistance, as well as the United Nations discussion of racial discrimination in South Africa - he met the South African people's delegation led by Dr. A.B. Xuma, President-General of the ANC. He participated in a demonstration and other events organised by the Council on African Affairs (led by Paul Robeson, Dr. W.E.B. DuBois and Dr. Alpheus Hunton) in protest against racism in South Africa.
He joined the United Nations Secretariat in 1949 and dealt with South Africa for most of the 35 years he served as a UN official. From 1963 to 1984, he was the official in charge of action against apartheid, as principal secretary of the Special Committee against Apartheid and later Director of the Centre against Apartheid. He was Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1983 to 1985.
He organised and participated in scores of international conferences and seminars against apartheid, undertook missions to a number of capitals to promote action against the racist regime and administered funds for scholarships and for assistance to political prisoners in Southern Africa.
The contribution of Mr. Reddy to the international campaign against apartheid has been recognised by leaders of the South African liberation movements, as well as opponents of apartheid around the world.
Oliver Tambo, President of the ANC, expressed "very deep appreciation of your work and your infectious devotion and commitment to the liberation struggle in South Africa."
Sean MacBride, winner of Nobel Peace Prize and former United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, said at a public meeting addressed by Mr. Reddy in Dublin on March 19, 1985:
"It has been my privilege to work with E.S. Reddy for close on 20 years, and I can say without fear of contradiction that there is no one at the United Nations who has done more to expose the injustices of apartheid and the illegality of the South African regime than he has. E.S. Reddy has done so with tremendous courage and ability… he dedicated his entire energy and skills to the liberation from oppression of the people of Southern Africa. He had to face many obstacles and antagonisms, coming from the Western Powers mainly, but he had the skill, courage and determination necessary to overcome the systematic overt and covert opposition to the liberation of the people of Southern Africa."
Olof Palme, then Prime Minister of Sweden, wrote to him on November 20, 1985:
"Your own contributions to the work of the United Nations against apartheid have been formidable. Your devoted work has been highly appreciated by many of us here in Sweden."
Archbishop Trevor Huddleston, referring to United Nations action against apartheid, said on January 27, 1995:
"And in this context, I feel bound to pay tribute to Mr. Enuga Reddy, the former United Nations Assistant Secretary-General, who personally played such an important role in this work."
Mr. Reddy received the Joliot-Curie Medal of the World Peace Council in 1982 for his contribution to the struggle against apartheid. The University of Durban-Westville awarded him the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1995 in recognition of his contribution to the struggle against apartheid and scholarly work on South Africa.
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A list of books written, compiled or edited by Mr. Reddy and of articles written by him, which may be found on the site, is given below.
Some of the collections of documents compiled and edited by Mr. Reddy - such as the collection of speeches and articles of Oliver Tambo - have not been published in book form and can be found only on this site.
Several other collections on this site - e.g., the speeches and writings of Chief Albert K. Lutuli, Dr. Yusuf Dadoo and Dr. G.M. Naicker - are expanded and revised versions of books published in India and South Africa.
Some of the speeches and papers by Mr. Reddy are published for the first time on this site.
The site is still in the process of development and further documentation will be added as soon as possible.
The following are the works of Mr. Reddy which may be found in this site.
Cultural Boycott, Statement by Enuga S. Reddy, Director of U.N. Centre Against Apartheid at a press briefing. London, January 11, 1984
The Freedom Charter and the United Nations, May 1985
India and the Struggle against Apartheid, October 1985
Apartheid, the United Nations and the International Community: A Collection of speeches and articles. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1986. (Covers period when he was Director of UN Centre against Apartheid)
Nordic Contribution to the Struggle against Apartheid: its evolution and significance. (Lecture), February 19, 1986).
Struggle for Freedom in Southern Africa: its international significance. New Delhi: Mainstream, January 1987. (A collection of articles and speeches between January 1985 and January 1987).
Contributions of Nordic States to the oppressed people of Southern Africa and Frontline States. (Pamphlet), January 1987.
United Nations, India and South Africa's Liberation Struggle. (A Collection of Articles) (Not published in book).
Gandhiji's Vision of a Free South Africa. (A Collection of articles on Mahatma Gandhi and South Africa). New Delhi: Sanchar Publishing House, 1995
Anti-Apartheid Movement and the United Nations. Paper presented to the symposium on "The Anti-Apartheid Movement: a 40-year Perspective," London, June 26, 1999
South Africa: Liberation and Reconciliation Role of International Solidarity. Based on a speech at the University of Connecticut under the Auspices of UNESCO Chair and Institute of Comparative Human Rights, 8 April 2004
United Nations and the International Campaign against Apartheid. Paper presented to the “Conference on Interntional Anti-Apartheid Movements in South Africa’s Freedom Struggle: Lessons for Today” at International Convention Centre, Durban, 10-13 October 2004
COLLECTIONS OF SPEECHES AND ARTICLES OF LEADERS OF SOUTH AFRICAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT
Oliver Tambo: Selected Articles, Papers, Speeches, Statements and other Documents, 1960-1993. (Not published in book; only available on this site).
Nelson Mandela: symbol of resistance and hope for a free South Africa. New Delhi: Namedia Foundation and Sterling Publishers, 1990. (Incorporated in Mandela Page).
Oliver Tambo: Apartheid and the International Community. New Delhi: Namedia Foundation and Sterling Publishers, 1991. (Incorporated in the previous item).
Dr. Yusuf Mohamed Dadoo: his speeches, articles and correspondence with Mahatma Gandhi (1939-1983). New Delhi: Namedia Foundation and Sterling Publishers, 1990. Durban: Madiba Publishers (and Bellville: UWC Historical and Cultural Centre), 1991.
Monty Speaks: Speeches of Dr. G. M. (Monty) Naicker, 1945-1963. Durban: Madiba Publishers (and Bellville: UWC Historical and Cultural Centre), 1991.
Lutuli: Speeches of Chief Albert John Lutuli, 1898-1967. Durban: Madiba Publishers (and Bellville: UWC Historical and Cultural Centre), 1991.
Indian South Africans in Struggle for National Liberation: Evidence of Molvi Ismail Ahmad Cachalia in the South African Treason Trial, June 21-28, 1960. New Delhi: Sanchar Publishing House, 1993.
UNITED NATIONS DOCUMENTS AND RELATED MATERIAL
A Review of United Nations action for an Oil Embargo against South Africa
(with special reference to the work of the Special Committee against Apartheid)
United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid: Selected Statements and other Press Releases, 1963-1983.
Cooperation In International Action Against Apartheid. Nordic States, United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid and Nigeria, 1985
The Struggle for Liberation in South Africa and International Solidarity: A Selection of Papers published by the United Nations Centre against Apartheid. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1992.
India against Apartheid: Speeches of Krishna Menon at the United Nations. New Delhi: Sanchar Publishing House, 1994.
Anti-Apartheid Movement and the United Nations: Statements and Papers of Mr. Abdul S. Minty. New Delhi: Sanchar Publishing House, 1994.
United Nations and Apartheid - a Chronology, 1946-1994.
STATEMENTS, INTERVIEWS AND LETTERS OF MAHATMA GANDHI
Gandhiji and South Africa, 1914-1948. (Edited jointly with Gopalkrishna Gandhi). Ahmedabad, India: Navajivan Press, 1993.
INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA
India and South Africa: a collection of papers. Durban: University of Durban-Westville (Occasional Papers Series No.1), 1991.
"India and South Africa". First Dadoo Memorial Lecture delivered in New Delhi, September 6, 1996.
REMINISCENCES OF THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN AGAINST APARTHEID
Chief Lutuli and the United Nations
Defence and Aid Fund and the United Nations
Meeting with Kaiser Matanzima, 1975
Missions of Chairmen of the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid to Nordic Countries, 1975 - 1982. Notes on Consultations
OTHER DOCUMENTS
Extracts from letters by Oliver Tambo to Mr. Reddy, 1964-1973
Apartheid, South
Africa and International Law. Selected Documents and Papers
This collection of documents and papers was published by the United Nations
Centre against Apartheid in its Notes and Documents Series, No. 13/85,
in December 1985.
Oliver Tambo and the Struggle Against Apartheid - Edited by E. S. Reddy, 1987
Liberation of Southern Africa - Our Responsibility: Selected Speeches of Olof Palme. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1990.