NELSON MANDELA'S STATEMENT TO THE UNITED NATIONS

STATEMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS,
NELSON MANDELA, AT THE UNITED NATIONS: NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 24,
1993.

Chairperson; Your Excellencies, Ambassadors to the United Nations; Ladies and
gentlemen:

We are most grateful to the Special Committee against Apartheid and its distinguished
Chairman, His Excellency Professor Ibrahim Gambari, as well as the United Nations
as a whole, for enabling us to address this gathering today.

We have, together, walked a very long road. We have travelled together to reach a
common destination.

The common destination towards which we have been advancing defines the very
reason for the existence of this world Organisation.

The goal we have sought to reach is the consummation of the yearning of all
humankind for human dignity and human fulfilment.

For that reason, we have been outraged and enraged that there could be imposed on
any people the criminal system of apartheid.

Each and every one of us have felt our humanity denied by the mere existence of this
system. Each and every one of us have felt brandished as sub-human by the fact that
some could treat of others as though they were no more than disposable garbage.

In the end, there was nobody of conscience who could stand by and do nothing in the
search for an end to the apartheid crime against humanity.

We are here today to convey to you, who are the representatives of the peoples of the
world, the profound gratitude of the people of South Africa for your engagement, over
the decades, in the common struggle to end the system of apartheid.

We are deeply moved by the fact that almost from its birth, this Organisation has kept
on its agenda the vital question of the liquidation of the system of apartheid and white
minority rule in our country.

Throughout the many years of struggle, we, as South Africans, have been greatly
inspired and strengthened as you took action both severally and collectively, to
escalate your offensive against apartheid rule, as the white minority regime itself took
new steps in its own offensive further to entrench its illegitimate rule and draw tribute
from those it had enslaved.

In particular, we are most grateful for the measures that the United Nations, the OAU,
the Commonwealth, the Non-Aligned Movement, the European Community and other
intergovernmental organisations took to isolate apartheid South Africa.

We are deeply appreciative of similar initiatives that individual countries,
non-governmental organisations, local communities and even single individuals took,
as part of their contribution to the common effort to deny the apartheid system all
international sustenance.

This global struggle, perhaps without precedent in the inestimable number of people
it united around one common issue, has helped decisively to bring us to where we are
today.

Finally, the apartheid regime was forced to concede that the system of white minority
rule could no longer be sustained.

It was forced to accept that it had to enter into negotiations with the genuine
representatives of our people to arrive at a solution which, as agreed at the first sitting
of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa, CODESA, would transform South
Africa into a united, democratic, non-racial and non-sexist country.

This and other agreements have now been translated into a specific programme that
will enable our country to take a leap forward from its dark, painful and turbulent past
to a glorious future, which our people will strive with all their strength to make a future
of democracy, peace, stability and prosperity.

The countdown to democracy in South Africa has begun. The date for the demise of
the white minority regime has been determined, agreed and set.

Seven months from now, on April 27, 1994, all the people of South Africa, without
discrimination on grounds of gender, race, colour or belief, will join in the historic act
of electing a government of their choice.

The legislation has also been passed to create the institutions of state, the statutory
organs that will ensure that these elections are held and that they are free and fair.

As a consequence of the creation of these statutory instruments, we have arrived at
the point where our country will no longer be governed exclusively by a white minority
regime.

The Transitional Executive Council, provided for in this legislation, will mark the first
ever participation by the majority of our people at governmental level in the process
of determining the destiny of our country.

It will be the historic precursor to the Interim Government of National Unity which will
be formed after the democratic elections of April 27th.

The other structures now provided for in law, the Independent Election Commission,
the Independent Media Commission and the Independent Broadcasting Authority will
themselves play their specified roles in ensuring a process of transition and a result
which our people as a whole will accept as having been legitimate and therefore
acceptable.

We must however warn that we are not yet out of the woods.

Negotiations are continuing to agree on the interim constitution, according to which the
country will be governed as the elected national assembly works on the final
constitution.

There will therefore be continuing need that this Organisation and the world movement
for a democratic South Africa as a whole, sustain their focus on the transitional
processes, so that everybody concerned in our country is left in no doubt about the
continuing determination of the international community to help see us through to
democracy.

The reality is that there are various forces within South Africa which do not accept the
inevitability of the common outcome which all humanity seeks.

Within our country, these forces, which seek to deny us liberty by resort to brute force,
and which have already murdered and maimed people in their tens of thousands,
represent a minority of the people.

They derive their strength not from the people but from the fear, insecurity and
destabilisation which they seek to impose through a campaign of terrorism conducted
by unknown killers whose hallmark is brutality and total disregard for the value of
human life.

There are other forces, which because of narrow, sectarian interests, are also opposed
to genuine change. These are engaged in other actions which seek to create
obstacles on the way to a smooth transition to democracy.

We believe that it is critically important that these forces too should understand that
the international community has the will and determination to act in concert with the
majority of the people of our country, to ensure that the democratic change which is
long overdue is not delayed.

The apartheid system has left a swathe of disaster in its trail. We have an economy
that is tottering on the brink of an even deeper depression than the one we are
experiencing now.

What this means practically is millions of people who have no food, no jobs and no
houses.

The very fabric of society is threatened by a process of disintegration, characterised
by high and increasing rates of violent crime, the growth in the numbers of people so
brutalised that they will kill for a pittance and the collapse of all social norms.

In addition, the absence of a legitimate state authority, enjoying the support of the
majority of the people, immensely exacerbates this general crisis, emphasising the
critical importance of speedy movement forward to democratic change.

In sum, acting together, we must, at all costs, resist and rebuff any tendency of a slide
towards another Somalia or a Bosnia, a development which would have disastrous
repercussions extending far beyond the borders of South Africa.

What we have just said is not intended to alarm this august gathering. Rather, it is
meant to say - now is the time to take new steps to move us forward to the common
victory we have all fought for!

We believe the moment has come when the United Nations Organisation and the
international community as a whole should take stock of the decisive advances that
have been made to create the setting for the victory of the cause of democracy in our
country.

We further believe that the moment has come when this same community should lay
the basis for halting the slide to a socio-economic disaster in South Africa, as one of
the imperatives in ensuring the very success of the democratic transformation itself.

In response to the historic advances towards democracy that have been achieved;
further to give added impetus to this process; to strengthen the forces of democratic
change and to help create the necessary conditions for stability and social progress,
we believe the time has come when the international community should lift all
economic sanctions against South Africa.

We therefore extend an earnest appeal to you, the governments and peoples you
represent, to take all necessary measures to end the economic sanctions you imposed
and which have brought us to the point where the transition to democracy has now
been enshrined in the law of our country.

We further urge that this historic step, marking a turning point in the history of the
relations between South Africa and the rest of the world, should not be viewed as an
act of abstention but one of engagement.

Let us all treat this new reality as an opportunity and a challenge to engage with the
South African situation in a way that will advance the democratic cause and create the
best possible social and economic conditions for the victory of that cause.

The Special Committee against Apartheid has itself led the process of preparing the
United Nations and its specialised agencies for the new reality that is the fruit of our
common struggle. We trust that the UN family will therefore not delay in engaging the
people of South Africa in a new way.

We trust also that the governments across the globe, that have been so central in the
effort to defeat the system of apartheid, will do what they can to help us ensure the
upliftment of our people.

A similar appeal extends the millions of people organised in the broad
non-governmental anti-apartheid movement themselves to remain involved in the
continuing struggle for a democratic South Africa and to add to their programmes the
extension of all-round development assistance from people to people.

We hope that both the South African and the international investor communities will
also take this opportunity themselves to help regenerate the South African economy,
to the mutual benefit.

As you know, our people have not yet elected a democratic government. It is therefore
important that the white minority government which remains in place in our country
should not be granted recognition and treated as though it were representative of all
the people of South Africa.

The Transitional Executive Council provides the appropriate mechanism for such
interaction as should take place between ourselves and the international community
in the period between now and the formation of the new government.

We should here mention that within the ambit of the diplomatic sanctions which many
countries imposed, we also believe that such countries may now establish a diplomatic
presence in South Africa to enhance their capacity to assist the people of our country
to realise the common objectives.

This Organisation also imposed special sanctions relating to arms, nuclear matters
and oil.

In this regard, we would like to urge that the mandatory sanctions be maintained until
the new government has been formed. We would leave the issue of the oil embargo
to the discretion of the Committee of the General Assembly responsible for the
enforcement of this particular sanction.

We would further like to request that the Security Council should begin consideration
of the very important issue of what this Organisation should do to assist in the process
of organising for and ensuring that the forthcoming elections are indeed free and fair.

This, naturally, should be accompanied by a review of the important contribution that
has been made by the UN Observer Mission to South Africa, which is helping us to
address the issue of political violence, to ensure that this contribution addresses
adequately this continuing problem.

We cannot close without extending our congratulations to the PLO and the
government of Israel for the important step forward they have taken which, hopefully,
will lead to a just and lasting settlement of the Middle East question.

To them and to the peoples and governments of the region as a whole, we extend the
good wishes of all the people of our country and the assurance of our support for their
noble effort to establish justice and peace.

We continue to hope that progress will be made towards the just resolution of the
outstanding issue of Western Sahara.

Angola continues to bleed. We urge this Organisation and especially the Security
Council to leave no stone unturned to ensure that the killing ends and the democratic
process is respected.

We are encouraged by the steps that have been taken to bring peace to Mozambique
and trust that no new obstacles will emerge to deny the people of this sister country
the peace, stability and prosperity which they have been denied for so long.

Our common victory against the only system to be declared a crime against humanity
since the defeat of nazism is in sight.

The historic need to end this crime as speedily and peacefully as possible requires
that we, the peoples of the world, should remain as united as we have been and as
committed as we have been to the cause of democracy, peace, human dignity and
prosperity for all the people of South Africa.

Standing among you today, we continue to be moved by the selfless solidarity you
have extended to our people. We are aware that by our common actions we have
sought not only the liberation of the people of South Africa but also the extension of
the frontiers of democracy, non-racial, non-sexism and human solidarity throughout the
world.

Understanding that, we undertake before you all that we will not rest until the noble
cause which unites us all emerges triumphant and a new South Africa fully rejoins the
rest of the international community as a country which we can all be proud of.

Thank you.