IYINI I-AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (UKHONGOLOSE, I-ANC)

UKhongolose (u-ANC) uyinhlangano noma umbuthano olwela amalungelo aso sonke isizwe. Inhlangano kaKhongolose (u-ANC) yasungulwa ngonyaka ka 1912 ukuze ihlanganise onke ama-Afrika kanye nokuba ngumholi kumzabalazo wezinguquko ezijulile kwezombusazwe, izinguquko ezimpilweni zabantu kanye nakwezomnotho.
Iminyaka engamashumi ayisishayagalolunye (90) uKhongolose ehola umzabalazo wokulwa nobandlululo ngokwebala, kanye nokulwa nengcindezelo, futhi igqugquzela abantu ngobuningi ukungenela kumkhankaso wokulwa nobandlululo, kanye nokugqugquzela amazwe ngaphandle ukusekela umzabalazo kanye nokuqala umzabalazo wezikhali wokulwa nombuso wobandlululo.
I-ANC yanqoba ngokuyingqayizivele okhethweni lwenqubo yentando yeningi lango 1994, lapho yathola khona igunya elinqala nelinzulu lokungenela izingxoxo ngoMthethosisekelo omusha wentando yeningi eNingizimu Afrika. Umthethosisekelo omusha wamukelwa ngonyaka ka 1996.
I-ANC yabuye yakhethwa futhi okhethweni lukazwelonke kanye nolwezifundazwe lwangonyaka ka 1999, lapho eyathola khona igunya lokubusa lezinga eliphezulu.
Imigomo ye-ANC ibekwa ngamalunga kanye nabaholi, abachaza inqubo yomsebenzi kumalunga.
Ubulunga be-ANC buvuleleke kuzo zonke izakhamizi zaseNingizimu Afrika ezineminyaka engu 18 nengaphezulu, izakhamizi zazo zonke izinhlanga, imibala, kanye nezinkolo inqobo nje uma zamukela izimiso (principles), imigomo kanye nezinhlelo zika-ANC.

NGABE YINI IZINHLOSO NEZINJONGO ZE-ANC (ZIKAKHONGOLOSE)?

Injongo ebalulekile ka-Khongolose ukwakha isizwe esibumbene nesihlangene, esinobunye, esingenalo ubandlululo ngokwebala, nangobulili nesiqhuba ngentando yeningi.
Lokhu kusho inkululeko yama-Afrika kungcindezelo yezombusazwe kanye nakwezomnotho. Kanti futhi lokhu kusho ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yabo bonke abantu baseNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi abantu abampomfu.
Umzabalazo wokufezekisa lenjongo ubizwa ngokuthi yi-National Democratic Revolution.

YINI OKUWUMKHOMBANDLELA WEMIGOMO YE-ANC?

Umqulu wamalungelo enkululeko (i-Freedom Charter), eyamukelwa kwiNgqungquthela yabantu ngonyaka ka 1955, kuseyiwona Mkhombandlela kaKhongolose (ye-ANC).

Umqulu wamalungelo enkululeko (i-Freedom Charter) uthi:

Abantu bayobusa
Zonke izinhlanga zabantu ziyoba namalungelo alinganayo
Abantu bayokwabelana ngomnotho wezwe
Abantu abasebenza ngomhlaba bayokwabelana ngawo
Bonke abantu bayolingana phambi komthetho
Bonke abantu bayoba namalungelo obuntu
Kuyoba nemisebenzi kanye nokuvikeleka
Iminyango yemfundo kanye namasiko iyovuleleka kubo bonke abantu
Kuyoba nezindlu, ukuvikeleka kanye nokunethezeka
Kuyoba noxolo nobungani

Ngonyaka ka 1994, i-ANC yamukela nokongamela Uhlelo lweMvuselelo kanye neNtuthuko i-Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), njengesisekelo semigomo ye-ANC, eyiyona nkombandlela ekuguquleni iNingizimu Afrika. Izinhlelo ezibalulekile ze-RDP yilezi:

ukufezekisa izidingo ezibalulekile zabantu
ukuthuthukisa amakhono abantu
ukwakha umnotho wezwe
ukuqikelela ukuqhutshwa kwezinto kumbuso nakusizwe sonkana ngentando yeningi.

NGABE IZIMPAWU ZE-ANC ZIMELENI?

Ifulegi le-ANC linemibala elinganayo eqondile emnyama, eluhlaza okusatshani, kanye nesagolide. Uphawu olumnyama lumele abantu baseNingizimu Afrika, esekuyizizukulwana belwela inkululeko. Umbala oluhlaza umele umhlaba, okuyiwona obuwondla abantu iminyaka eminingi labho abasuswa khona ngohulumeni bobukoloni kanye nobandlululo. Kanti igolide limele umcebo ombiwa phansi kanye nomnotho wemvelo waseNingizimu Afrika, umnotho ongowabantu bonke, kodwa usetshenziswa idlanzana labamhlophe ukuzizuzela bona bodwa.
I-logo inomkhonto kanye nehawu, okumele izimpi zokulwela izwe nokulwa nenqubo yobukoloni kudala eyaphuca abantu imihlaba yabo, kanye nomzabalazo wezikhali we-ANC, uMkhonto weSizwe kanye nomzabalazo wabantu wesikhathi eside belwa nobandlululo ngokwebala kanye nengcindezelo. Lomzabalazo sekuyisikhathi udonsa, ukusukela eNgqungqutheleni Yabantu (Peoples Congress), eyamukela Umqulu wamalungelo (i-Freedom Charter), kanti futhi owawuluphawu lokuhlangana kwemiphakathi eyahlukene yabantu baseNingizimu Afrika ilwela into eyodwa, okuyinkululeko. Kuwuphawu losiko lwe-ANC lobumbano lwezinhlanga ezehlukene, eNingizimu Afrika. Inqindi ebambe umkhonto, imele amandla abantu ababumbene emzabalazweni wokuthuthukisa izimpilo zabo.
Isiqubulo se-ANC esithi, Amandla ngawethu noma Matla ke ya rona, sisho ukuthi amandla awabe kubantu, kanti lokhu kususelwa kusidingo esinqala se-Freedom Charter esithi, Abantu Bayobusa. Yisitatimende se-ANC sokuzimisela ukwakha kanye nokuzinzisa inqubo yentando yeningi, kanye nokubamba kwabantu iqhaza emzabalazweni wokuthuthukisa izimpilo zabo.

NGABE YINI IMISEBENZI YELUNGA LE-ANC?

Izinto nezimiso ezibalulekile zelunga le-ANC zibandakanya okulandelayo:

Ukuzithoba kanye nokuzinikela ngokuphelele emzabalazweni wokulwela izwe elingenabandlululo ngokwebala, ubulili kanye neliqhuba ngentando yeningi,
Ukuzinikela ekusebenzeleni izifiso kanye nezidingo zabantu, izinto ezitholakala kumgomo wokubeka abantu phambili we-Batho Pele (Abantu Kuqala),
Ukuzimisela ukuqhuba izinto ngokulandela imigomo yenhlangano kanye nezinqumo ezithathwa yiningi ngobunye.

Amalunga ka-ANC alindeleke ukuthi:

Abe ngamalunga amagatsha e-ANC, akhokhele imali yobulunga kanye nokusiza ekwakheni i-ANC,
Ukubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ezingxoxweni, ekubunjweni kwemigomo kanye nasekusetshenzisweni kwemigomo kanye nezinhlelo ze-ANC,
Ukwamukela kanye nokuvikela izinqumo zezakhiwo ezifanele zenhlangano,
Ukwakha ubunye nobumbano kanye nenqubo yokulandela intando yeningi enhlanganweni, ukulwa nenkohlakalo kanye nokuvuna izihlobo, kanye nokulwa nokubangwa koqhekeko olubangwa izigejana enhlanganweni,
Ukulwa nenqubo yobandlululo ngebala, ubandlululo ngokobuhlanga, ubandlululo ngokobulili, inkolo kanye nokungabekezelelani kwezombusazwe, kanye nokulwa nanoma iyiphi inhlobo yobandlululo noqhekeko,
Ahlale enolwazi ngezombusazwe kanye nezinye izinto eziqhubekayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono abo njengengxenye yokuqhubekela phambili nokufunda kuyo yonke impilo yomuntu,
Ukuhlala bexhumene nabantu kanye nokudlala indima ebonakalayo ezindabeni zemiphakathi, kanye
Nokuziphatha ngendlela eyisibonelo esihle nsuku zonke, kanye nokungasebenzisi izikhundla ukuzizuzela ngokwabo, ukuzicebisa kanye nokuzibonelela ziqu zabo.

NGABE YINI IZAKHIWO ZE-ANC?

Igatsha yisona sakhiwo esiyisisekelo nempande ye-ANC, lapho amalunga okumele abambe khona iqhaza emisebenzini ye-ANC kanye nezingxoxo ngezombusazwe. Igatsha yilona eliyiso nezindlebe zomphakathi, elimele izidingo zomphakathi, kanye nokuba yiwona mnyombo maqondana nezidingo nezifiso zomphakathi, kanye nokugqugquzela imiphakathi ukuze isebenzele intuthuko ezindaweni. Igatsha negatsha likhetha ikomiti eliphezulu legatsha (Branch Executive Committe) eMhlanganweni KaWonke-wonke wonyaka (Annual General Meeting).
Ikomidi eliphezulu lesiFunda (i-Regional Executive Committee-REC) likhethwa kwiNgqungquthela yesiFunda njalo eminyakeni emibili, ngabameli bamagatsha kusiFunda.
Ikomiti eliphezulu kusiFundazwe (Provincial Executive Committee- PEC), likhethwa njalo eNgqungqutheleni yesiFundazwe eminyakeni emithathu, likhethwa ngabameli bamagatsha esiFundazweni.
Ikomidi eliphezulu likaZwelonke (National Executive Committee-NEC) yisona sakhiwo esiphezulu esithatha izinqumo ku-ANC phakathi kweziNgqungquthela kanti futhi linomsebenzi wokuhola inhlangano. Lelikomidi le-NEC, likhethwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu eNgqungqutheleni kaZwelonke. I-NEC ikhetha iKomidi elisebenzayo likaZwelonke, i-National Working Committee (NWC) phakathi kwamalunga eKomidi likaZwelonke, ukubhekana nemisebenzi yenhlangano yansuku zonke.
INgqungquthela kaZwelonke (National Conference), ebanjwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, yisona sakhiwo esiphezulu esithatha izinqumo ku-ANC. Abameli bamagatsha bangamaphesenti angu 90 ezithunywa ezivotayo kwiNgqungquthela kaZwelonke. Umkhandlu kaZwelonke Kawonke-wonke (National General Council-NGC), ibanjwa njalo phakathi kweziNgqungquthela zikaZwelonke ukubuyekeza izinhlelo zenhlangano.
I-ANC Women's League, isebenza njengenhlangano ezimele kunhlangano yonkana ye-ANC. Injongo yayo enkulu wukuqhubela phambili nokulwela amalungelo abesimame kuzo zonke izinhlobo zengcindezelo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abesimame badlala indima ebalulekile enhlanganweni. Ubulunga be-Women's League buvuleleke kubo bonke abesimame abangamalunga e-ANC.
I-ANC Youth League, nayo isebenza njengenhlangano ezimele, enenhloso yokuhlanganisa kanye nokuhola abasha ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zabo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi intsha idlala indima egcwele nejulile kumisebenzi ye-ANC. Ubulunga be-Youth League, buvuleleke kubo bonke abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka 14 no 35.

NGABE BUYINI UBUDLELWANO OBUNXA-NTATHU (TRIPARTATE ALLIANCE)?

I-ANC inombimbi noma umfelandawonye nenhlangano yamakhomanisi, i-South African Communist Party (SACP), kanye noKhongolose wabasebenzi i-Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU). Ingxenye nengxenye yombimbi iyinhlangano ezimele, enomthethosisekelo wayo, amalunga ayo kanye nezinhlelo zayo. Umbimbi lwakhelwe phansi kwezinjongo ezifanayo, zeNational Democratic Revolution, kanye nokuhlanganisa imikhakha ehlukene yabantu baseNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kwalezinjongo.

NGABE ITHOLAKALA KUPHI I-ANC

Amagatsha e-ANC atholakala kumadolobhakazi amakhulu, emadolobheni, kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya eNingizimu Afrika. I-ANC inekomkhulu likazwelonke, amahhovisi eziFundazwe ayisishiyagalolunye kanye namahhovisi eziFunda.