NGABE IYINI I-AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS?

I-ANC iyinhlangano yavelonkhe yenkhululeko. Yasungulwa nga-1912 kutawuhlanganisa bantfu labaMnyama kanye nekuba sembili kumzabalazo wengucuko lesisekelo kutepolitiki, tenhlalakahle netemnotfo.
Eminyakenishumi leyimfica i-ANC iye yahola umzabalazo lomelene nebuhlanga nencindzetelo, yahlelembisa kudvuba kwelinyenti, ivusa lugcozi kumphakatsi wamhlabawonkhe yaphindze yatsatsa umzabalazo wetikhali kumelana nelubandlululo.
I-ANC iye yazuza imphumelelo lebonakalako yedemokhrasi elukhetfweni lwanga-1994, lapho yaniketwa ligunya lelicacile lekubamba tinkhulumiswano ngeMtsetfosisekelo lomusha wedemokhrasi yeNingizimu Afrika. LoMtsetfosisekelo lomusha wemukelwa nga-1996.
I-ANC iphindze yakhetfwa nga-1999 kuhulumende wavelonkhe nakumaphrovinsi ngeligunya lelengetiwe.
Tinchubomgomo te-ANC tesekeleke kumalunga ayo kantsi nebuholi bayo bunekutiphendvulela kumalunga wonkhe.
Bulunga be-ANC buvulekele bonkhe baseNingizimu Afrika labangetulu kweminyaka lengu-18, kungakhatsalekile kutsi waluphi luhlanga, umbala nobe inkholelo, lowemukela tesekelo, tinchubomgomo kanye netinhlelo tayo.

NGABE TIYINI TINJONGO NETINHLOSO TE-ANC?

Inhloso lesembili ye-ANC kwakhiwa kwemphakatsi wedemokhrasi lobumbene, longakhetsi ngebuhlanga futsi longakhetsi ngebulili.
Loku kusho kukhululwa kwebantfu be-Afrika ikakhulukati kanye nebantfu labamnyama jikelele ekuboshweni kutepolitiki netemnontfo. Kusho kukhuphula lizinga lemphilo labo bonkhe baseNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukati labaphuyile.
Umzabalazo wekuzuza lenhloso ubitwa ngeMzabalazo weNtsandvo yeliNyenti kuVelonkhe.

NGABE YINI LEYINKHOMBANDLELA KUNCHUBOMGOMO YE-ANC?

I-Freedom Charter, leyemukelwa kuKhongolose weBantfu nga-1955, seloku ingumculu losisekelo senchubomgomo ye-ANC.

I-Freedom Charter imemetela kutsi

Bantfu batawubusa
Onkhe emacembu avelonkhe atawuba nemalungelo lalinganako
Bantfu batawuba nesabelo kumnotfo welive
Umhlaba utawabiwa kulabo labawusebentako
Bonkhe batawulingana embi kwemtsetfo
Bonkhe batawujabulela emalungelo eluntfu lalinganako
Kutawuba nemsebenti nekuvikelela
Iminyango yetemfundvo nemasiko itawuvuleka
Kutawuba netindlu, kuvikeleka nekunetseteka
Kutawuba nekuthula nebungani

Nga-1994 i-ANC yemukela luHlelo lweKwakha kaBusha nekuTfutfukisa (iReconstruction and Development Programme - iRDP) njengeluhlakamsebenti lolusisekelo senchubomgomo leniketa inkhomba ku-ANC ekuguculweni kweNingizimu Afrika. Tinhlelo letisembili teluhlelo lweRDP ngunati:

kuhlangabetana netidzingo letisisekelo
kutfutfukisa imitfombolusito yetfu yeluntfu
kwakha umnotfo
kufaka intsandvo yelinyenti kumbuso nasemphakatsini

NGABE TIMPHAWU TE-ANC TISHO KUTSINI?

Umbhelebhele we-ANC wakhiwe ngemizila levundlako lelinganako lemnyama, leluhlata kwetjani nalesagolide. Lombala lomnyama umele bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika labo, etitukulwaneni ngetitukulwane, baye balwela inkhululeko. Lombala loluhlata kwetjani umele umhlaba, lowasimamisa bantfu bakitsi eminyakenikhulu futsi labasuswa kuwo ngubohulumende bencindzetelo telubandlululo. Umbala losaligolide umele timbiwa kanye naleminye iminotfo yemvelo yaseNingizimu Afrika, lekuminotfo yabo bonkhe bantfu, kepha lesetjentiselwa kuletsa inzuzo kulidlanzana lelincane ngekwebuhlanga.
Siphandla sinesikhali nelihawu lokumele timphi tekucala tekuzabalazela kubuswa ngencindzetelo, umzabalazo wetikhali welibutfo laphambilini letikhali le-ANC, Umkhonto we Sizwe, kanye nemzabalazo we-ANC lochubekako macondzana nemalungelogunya ebuhlanga nekucindzetelwa. Lelisondvo lihamba libuyele emuva esikhatsini semkhankaso waKhongolose weBantfu, lowemukela i-Freedom Charter, futsi libonisa kuhlangana kumzabalazo lofanako wenkhululeko yebantfu labavela kuyo yonkhe imiphakatsi yaseNingizimu Afrika. Liluphawu lwemasiko lacinile langakhetsi ngebuhlanga e-ANC. Lesibhakela lesibambe lomkhonto simele emandla ebantfu lababumbene emzabalazweni wenkhululeko nekulingana.
Lesicubulo selubito se-ANC 'Amandla ngawethu' nobe 'Matla ke arona' sisho 'emandla kubantfu', lokubonisa imfuno lengumnyombo we-Freedom Charter kutsi bantfu batawubusa. Lesicubulo sisitatimende sekutibophelela kwe-ANC ekwakheni nasekucinisekiseni intsandvo yelinyenti kanye nekutimbandzakanya lokubonakalako kwebantfu emzabalazweni wekunconota timphilo tabo.

NGABE IYINI IMITFWALO YEKUTIPHENDVULELA YELILUNGA LE-ANC?

Emagugu nemigomo yelilunga le-ANC afaka ekhatsi:

kutitfoba kanye nekutinikela lokungenako kutentisa emzabalazweni wemphakatsi wedemokhrasi longakhetsi ngebuhlanga nangebulili,
kukhatsalela luvo netimfuno tebantfu, lokugcizeleleke kumigomo yeBatho Pele - bantfu kucala,
kutibophelela ekusebenteseni tinchubomgomo tenhlangano netincumo telubumbano.

Emalunga e-ANC alindzeleke:

abe ngemalunga eligatja le-ANC, akhokhe timali tebulunga futsi asite ekwakheni i-ANC,
atimbandzakanye ngalokubonakalako etinkhulumeni, ekusukunyisweni nasekusetjentisweni kwenchubomgomo netinhlelo te-ANC,
emukele futsi avikele tincumo tetakhiwo letifanelekile tenhlangano,
akhe lubumbano lwe-ANC nenhlangano yedemokhrasi futsi alwe nenkhohlakalo, kukhetsa ngebuhlobo kanye nekukhetsa ngemacenjana,
alwe nebuhlanga, kukhetsa ngekwebuve, kukhetsa ngekwebulili, kungabi nekubeketelelana ngekwenkholo nangekwepolitiki kanye nanobe nguluphi luhlobo lwelubandlululo,
ahlale njalo anelwati ngentfutfuko kutepolitiki nakuleminye imikhakha, atakhele imitfombo yawo njengencenye yeluhlelo lwekufundza lokuchubekako,
ahlale anekuchumana nebantfu futsi adlale indzima lebonakalako etindzabeni temphakatsi,
atiphatse ngendlela lesibonelo emphilweni yamalanga onkhe, futsi angasebentisi tikhundla tekutiphendvulela kutsi atinjingise nobe atizuzele lokutsite sicu sawo.

NGABE NGUTIPHI TAKHIWO TE-ANC?

LiGatja yincenye lesisekelo ye-ANC, lapho emalunga atimbandzakanya khona etindzabeni te-ANC netinkhulumiswano tetepolitiki. Ligatja 'lingumnyombo' wemphakatsi, limele timfuno tawo, liveta imivo yawo futsi ligcugcutela kutsi kube nekusebenta ngekubambisana khona kutawuba nekutfutfuka kwendzawo. Lelo nalelo gatja likhetsa liKomiti leleNgamele liGatja kuMhlanganojikelele weMnyaka.
LiKomiti leleNgamele siGodzi (iRegional Executive Committee - iREC) likhetfwa kuleyo naleyo Khomfa yesiGodzi njalo ngeminyaka lemibili likhetfwa bameleli bemagatja lakuleso sigodzi.
LiKomiti leleNgamele iPhrovinsi (iProvincial Executive Committee - iPEC) likhetfwa kuleyo naleyo Khomfa yePhrovinsi njalo ngeminyaka lemitsatfu likhetfwa bameleli bemagatja lakuleyo phrovinsi.
LiKomiti leleNgamele laVelonkhe (iNational Executive Committee - iNEC) lingumtimba losetulu kakhulu we-ANC emkhatsini kwemaKhomfa futsi linemtfwalo wekuhola lenhlangano. Likhetfwa njalo ngeminyaka lesihlanu kuKhomfa yaVelonkhe. INEC ikhetsa liKomiti laVelonkhe lekuSebenta (iNational Working Committee - iNWC) kumalunga ayo kutsi leNWC ihlelembise umsebenti wenhlangano wamalanga onkhe.
IKhomfa yaVelonkhe, lebanjwa njalo ngeminyaka lesihlanu, ingumtimba losetulu kakhulu lotsatsa tincumo ku-ANC. Bameleli bemagatja bacishe babe ngu-90% wetitfunywa letineligunya lekuvota kuKhomfa yaVelonkhe. UMkhandlu Jikelele waVelonkhe (iNational General Council - iNGC) uyaye ubanjwe emkhatsini kwemaKhomfa aVelonkhe kutawuhlatiya luhlelo nenchubekelembili yenhlangano.
LuPhiko lwalaBasikati lwe-ANC lusebenta njengemtimba lotimele ngekhatsi kwaso sonkhe sakhiwo se-ANC. Inhloso yalo kuvikela kanye nekuchubela embili emalungelo alabasikati kuto tonkhe tinhlobo tekucindzetelwa kanye nekucinisekisa kutsi labasikati badlala indzima lephelele emphilweni yenhlangano. LoluPhiko lwalaBasikati luvulekele bonkhe labasikati labangemalunga e-ANC.
LuPhiko lwalaBasha lwe-ANC nalo lusebenta njengemtimba lotimele, lonenhloso yekuhlanganisa nekuhola bantfu labasha kutsi bacondzane futsi bamelane netinkinga leticondzene nalabasha, kanye nekucinisekisa kutsi labasha bafaka ligalelo leliphelele emsebentini we-ANC. Bulunga beluPhiko lwalaBasha luvulekele bonkhe bantfu labasemkhatsini kweminyaka lengu-14 na-35.

NGABE LIYINI LIDLELANDZAWONYE LEMACEMBU LAMATSATFU (ITRIPARTITE ALLIANCE)?

I-ANC inelidlelandzawonye neNhlangano yemaKhomanisi yaseNingizimu Afrika (iSouth African Communist Party - iSACP) kanye naKhongolose wetiNyunyani tebaSebenti taseNingizimu Afrika (iCongress of South African Trade Unions - iCOSATU). Lowo nalowo mlingani kulelidlelandzawonye uyinhlangano letimele lenemtsetfosisekelo wayo, emalunga kanye netinhlelo tayo. LeliDlelandzawonye lesekeleke ekutibopheleleni lokuhlanganyele kutinhloso teMzabalazo weNtsandvo yeliNyenti kuVelonkhe, kanye nesidzingo sekuhlanganisa inhlanganisela lenkhulu ngalokungakhonakala ngekwemikhakha yebantfu baseNingizimu Afrika kuleti tinhloso.

LAPHO UNGATFOLA KHONA I-ANC

Emagatja e-ANC ayatfolakala kuwo onkhe emadolobha lamakhulu, emadolobha latayelekile kanye nasetindzaweni tebantfu eNingizimu Afrika. I-ANC inelihhovisi lelikhulu lavelonkhe, emahhovisi layimfica emaphrovinsi kanye nemahhovisi lamanyentana etigodzi.